In IPPC installations there are a wide range of space heating and cooling activities. The application and use depend on the sector and the location in Europe, and are used:
●to maintain satisfactory working conditions
●to maintain product quality (e.g. cold rooms)
●to maintain input material quality and handling characteristics, e .g. enclosed waste storage areas in Scandinavia, prevention of corrosion on components treatment in surface treatment metal industries.
The systems can be localised ( e.g. IR space heaters for equipment in storage areas) or centralised (e.g. air conditioning systems in offices).
The consumption of energy in space heating/cooling is considerable. For instance, in France it is about 30 TWh, representing nearly 10 % fuel consumption. It is quite common to have high heating temperatures in industrial buildings that could be easily reduced by 1 or 2 °C; conversely, when cooling, it is common to have temperatures that could be increased by 1 or 2 ºC without degrading the comfort. These measures imply a change for the employees and they should be implemented with an information campaign.
Energy savings can be achieved in two ways:
※reducing the heating/cooling needs by:
●building insulation
●efficient glazing
●air infiltration reduction
●automatic closure of doors
●destratification
●lower temperature settings during non-production periods (programmable regulation)
●reducing set point
※ improving the efficiency of heating systems through:
●recovery or use of waste heat (see Section 3.3)
●heat pumps
●radiative and local heating systems coupled with reduced temperatures in the unoccupied areas of the buildings.
歐盟地區有廣泛的空間有供暖與冷房活動需求。在歐洲不同部門和地區有不同的應用：
●維持滿意的工作條件
●維持產品品質
●維持投入料的品質與運送特性，例如北歐金屬表面處理工業的密閉式儲存場所防止組件銹蝕
HVAC系統可以是分散式系統(如設備儲存區的紅外線空間加熱器)，也可以是集中式系統(如辦公室的中央空調)。
空間供暖與冷房所耗用的能源頗為可觀，例如在法國約有30TWh，表示約有10%的燃料消耗在HVAC方面。
通常工業建物內的溫度很高，要降低1~2 °C是容易的事。相反的，在冷房的環境，溫度再提高1~2 °C也不會影響舒適度。這些或可透過資訊競賽的方式讓員工改變與接受。
HVAC的節能措施有下列兩種：
※減少供暖與冷房的需求：
●建築物絕熱
●有效地鑲裝玻璃窗
●減少空氣滲漏
●安裝自動門
●防止室內空氣分層化
●停止作業期間藉由程式調整溫度設定(譯註：停工期降低暖氣需求)
●減少設定點
※經由下列措施可增進供暖系統效率：
●回收廢熱或使用廢熱
●採用熱泵
●在建築物內無人使用的範圍，將輻射熱源或小區加熱系統的溫度調低。
No data submitted.
無
Temperatures may be set by other criteria, e .g. regulatory minimum temperatures for staff, maximum temperatures to maintain product quality for food.
溫度設定也要視其要件，例如法規要求給員工舒適的最低溫度、維持食品品質的最大溫度等條件。
No data submitted.
無
Energy Efficiency (2009) 3.9.1
